Is shale a clastic sedimentary rock

Marl; Clastic limestone. (Calcarudite, Calcarenite, Calcelutite). CARBONATE. SILICATE. Breccia. Siltstone. Conglomerate Claystone. Sandstone. Shale. CLASTIC.

Is shale a clastic sedimentary rock. A clast is a fragment of rock or mineral, ranging in size from less than a micron (too small to see) to as big as an apartment block. Various types of clasts ...

Finer-grained clastic rocks, generally termed mudrocks, are much more common. These fine-grained rocks consist of microscopic (<0.062 mm in longest dimension) clay and quartz grains. Lithic fragments are absent. Figure 7.70: The Marcellus Shale, Pennsylvania. We call the finest grained rocks shale if they exhibit fissility. Fissility, the ...

In this lab, we will look at three types of clastic rocks (Figure 10.1, Table 10.1), conglomerate, sandstone, and shale. Conglomerate is an immature sedimentary rock (rock that has been transported a short distance) that is a poorly sorted mixture of clay, sand, and rounded pebbles. The mineralogy of the sand and pebbles (also called clasts ...28 Apr 2018 ... The formation of a clastic sediment and sedimentary rocks involves five processes: ... A shale is composed of clay sized particles and is a rock ...Which sedimentary rock is made of clay minerals? Shale is composed almost entirely of clay minerals. Which sedimentary rock is made of calcite? Limestone is predominantly calcite. Which sedimentary rock contains the largest clasts? Conglomerate is made of pebbles or larger clasts and is the most coarse-grained clastic sedimentary rock (along ...Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock that forms from the compaction of silt and clay-size mineral particles that we commonly call "mud." This composition places shale in a category of sedimentary rocks known as " mudstones ." Shale is distinguished from other mudstones because it is fissile and laminated.Conglomerate - clastic rock in which the fragments are larger than 2 mm in ... Shale - general name for all of the very fine-grained siltstones, mudstones ...Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock that forms from the compaction of silt and clay-size mineral particles that we commonly call "mud." This composition places shale in a category of sedimentary rocks known as " mudstones ." Shale is distinguished from other mudstones because it is fissile and laminated.

Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock composed primarily of clay minerals and other clay-sized particles of minerals like quartz and calcite. It is laminated and fissile, easily breaking along bedding planes. Shale forms from the deposition and compaction of clay-sized minerals in a low-energy environment.28 Apr 2018 ... The formation of a clastic sediment and sedimentary rocks involves five processes: ... A shale is composed of clay sized particles and is a rock ...1) Clastic sedimentary rocks form by the accumulation of sediment particles eroded from older rocks and they represent mud, sand or gravel that has hardened into rock. Common examples: Sandstone, mudstone, shale, conglomerate. 2) Carbonate sedimentary rocks form when organic activity or inorganic precipitation extracts carbonate from seawater ...A single layer of sediment or sedimentary rock with a recognizable top and bottom. cementation. Compacted sediment bound together to make coherent sedimentary rock.; usually occurs with the evaporation of fluid from between the sediment and the minerals left behind act as a cement. chemical sedimentary rock.Limestone. Limestone is a very common sedimentary rock consisting of calcium carbonate (more than 50%). It is the most common non-siliciclastic ( sandstone and shale are common siliciclastic rocks) sedimentary rock. Limestones are rocks that are composed of mostly calcium carbonate (minerals calcite or aragonite). 5.4 Chemical Sedimentary Rocks Whereas clastic sedimentary rocks are dominated by components that have been transported as solid clasts (clay, silt, sand, ... Note that the term "fossiliferous" can also be used to modify the name of a clastic sedimentary rock (e.g., shale, mudstone, sandstone) that contains recognizable evidence of past life. ...

Clastic or detrital sedimentary rocks are made from pieces of bedrock, sediment, derived primarily by mechanical weathering. Clastic rocks may also include chemically weathered sediment. Clastic rocks are classified by grain shape, grain size, and sorting. Chemical sedimentary rocks are precipitated from water saturated with dissolved minerals.Sedimentary rock - Clastic, Chemical, Organic: Conglomerates and breccias are sedimentary rocks composed of coarse fragments of preexisting rocks held together either by cement or by a finer-grained clastic matrix. Both contain significant amounts (at least 10 percent) of coarser-than-sand-size clasts. Breccias are consolidated rubble; their clasts are angular or subangular.13 Mar 2015 ... ... sedimentary rocks have a clastic texture, but some are crystalline. Shale is the # 1 most common sedimentary rock on Earth. Shale forms by ...8.3.2 Non-Clastic Rocks Non-clastic sedimentary rocks are made up of fragments of interlocking minerals formed by chemical processes such as evaporation, precipitation, crystallisation or biochemical processes, i.e. accumulation of remains of hard parts of organisms. Thus, non-clastic sedimentary rocks are further subdivided into:1. Clastic Sedimentary Rocks. Clastic sedimentary rocks are formed from the buildup of clatics: small pieces of fragmented rocks deposited as a result of …

Bill self sr..

Limestone can form as a result of precipitation from a solution. true. A biochemical rock formed in freshwater wetlands. coal. Identify TWO lists of clastic, chemical, and biochemical sedimentary rocks (in order) shale, rock salt, limestone. conglomerate, travertine, coal. Predict which transportation mechanism can carry the largest sizes of ...There are three basic types of sedimentary rocks: clastic, chemical and organic. Clastic rocks are formed by sediment from weathered pre-existing rocks that is transported to a depression where it is trapped, compacted and cemented. Examples of clastic sedimentary rocks include shale, siltstone and sandstone. Chemical sedimentary rocks form ...Rocks made from particles of eroded sediment are called clastic sedimentary rocks, those made from the remains of living things are called biogenic sedimentary rocks, and those that form by minerals precipitating out of solution are called evaporites. 01. of 24. Alabaster . White alabaster, a rock consisting of massive gypsum. Lanzi / Wikimedia …There are three main types of rocks: sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic. Each of these rocks are formed by physical changes—such as melting, cooling, eroding, compacting, or deforming —that are part of the rock cycle. Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary rocks are formed from pieces of other existing rock or organic …Clastic Sedimentary Rocks. Clastic sedimentary rocks are made up of pieces of other rocks. For example, sand on a beach or in a dune can get buried. Under the pressure of burial, the sand is pressed together and compacted. The individual sand grains are glued together by minerals such as calcite (calcium carbonate) and hematite (iron oxide ...

Shale is a smooth, thinly layered rock that is made up of fine‐grained silt and clay particles. Shale is considered a fissile rock because it splits very naturally along its layers. A siltstone contains mostly silt grains and looks …Sedimentary rocks can be broadly classified into three main types based on their origin and characteristics: clastic, chemical, and organic sedimentary rocks. Clastic Sedimentary Rocks: Clastic rocks are formed from the accumulation and lithification of fragments of other rocks and minerals, known as clasts. These clasts are typically ...1. Clastic Sedimentary Rocks. Clastic sedimentary rocks are formed from the buildup of clatics: small pieces of fragmented rocks deposited as a result of mechanical weathering then lithified by compaction and cementation. Examples of Clastic sedimentary rocks include sandstone, shale, siltstone, and breccias. 2.Clastic Sedimentary Rocks. Clastic sedimentary rocks are formed from the buildup of clatics: small pieces of fragmented rocks deposited as a result of mechanical weathering then lithified by compaction and cementation. Examples of Clastic sedimentary rocks include sandstone, shale, siltstone, and breccias.Sep 29, 2023 · shale, any of a group of fine-grained, laminated sedimentary rocks consisting of silt- and clay-sized particles. Shale is the most abundant of the sedimentary rocks, accounting for roughly 70 percent of this rock type in the crust of the Earth. Shales are often found with layers of sandstone or limestone. A clastic sedimentary rock. Shale is well-sorted with silt, mud, or clay-sized clasts that are tightly packed into a solid matrix. It is most easily identified by its tendency to sometimes split into thin planes which is a property called fissility. Shale derives from very low energy environments, in which fine-grained sediment can accumulate ...Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock composed primarily of clay minerals and other clay-sized particles of minerals like quartz and calcite. It is laminated and fissile, easily breaking along bedding planes. Shale forms from the deposition and compaction of clay-sized minerals in a low-energy environment.Shale refers to a rock formed from: sand sized material plant remains clay minerals carbonate. Which one of the following is a biochemical sedimentary rock? sand sized material coal shale conglomerate. A clastic rock is: a rock formed from the cementation of transported grains a rock formed from evaporation of sea water transformed by heat into ...a type of sedimentary rock formed from fragments of larger rocks. clastic rock. the process of sediment squeezing together. compaction. the geologic process by which sediment is added to a location. deposition. the process by which fragments of rock are loosened and carried away. erosion.

Shale) 7 Chemical No grain size gypsum Rock Gypsum 8 Clastic >2 mm rounded quartz, feldspar, and rock fragments Conglomerate 9 Chemical no grain size silica (quartz) Chert 10 Clastic 1/16 - 2 mm quartz, feldspar Sandstone 11 Clastic 1/16-2mm Quartz, feldspar Sandstone. Using the image above answer the following questions: a.

Shale refers to a rock formed from: sand sized material plant remains clay minerals carbonate. Which one of the following is a biochemical sedimentary rock? sand sized material coal shale conglomerate. A clastic rock is: a rock formed from the cementation of transported grains a rock formed from evaporation of sea water transformed by heat into ...9.0.2 Four Types of Sedimentary Rocks. Sedimentary rocks can be divided into four main types: clastic, chemical, biochemical, and organic. Clastic sedimentary rocks are composed mainly of material that is transported as solid fragments (called clasts), and then cemented together by minerals that precipitated from solution. Chemical sedimentary …Shale. Shale is a very fine-grained, clastic sedimentary rock which is made up mostly of clay (defined as particles smaller than 1/256 mm) and which is fissile (tending to break along natural laminations, or planes of weakness, that are less than 1 cm thick). Generally, shale occurs in thin layers or beds and represent low-energy environments ...A) the development of layering within sedimentary rocks B) the act of deposition of sediment that will ultimately form sedimentary rock C) physical and chemical alterations, that occur as sediment is transformed into rockA prominent physical feature of terrigenous clastic rocks is texture—that is, the size, shape, and arrangement of the constituent grains. These rocks have a ...There are three main types of rocks: sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic. Each of these rocks are formed by physical changes—such as melting, cooling, eroding, compacting, or deforming —that are part of the rock cycle. Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary rocks are formed from pieces of other existing rock or organic …Which sedimentary rock is made of clay minerals? Shale is composed almost entirely of clay minerals. Which sedimentary rock is made of calcite? Limestone is predominantly calcite. Which sedimentary rock contains the largest clasts? Conglomerate is made of pebbles or larger clasts and is the most coarse-grained clastic sedimentary rock (along ...The finer‐grained clastic sedimentary rocks are called shale, siltstone, and mudstone. Shale is a smooth, thinly layered rock that is made up of fine‐grained silt and clay particles. Shale is considered a fissile rock because it splits very naturally along its layers. A siltstone contains mostly silt grains and looks very similar to shale ...

Nba games on rn.

Vellagio nails and spa photos.

A term used to describe any rock that splits easily into thin sheets such as slate and shale. Shale. Clastic sedimentary Clay-size particles Smooth feel because very small particles Splits along closely spaced bedding planes. Found: low-energy aqueous environments, lake, continental shelf, lagoon, deep marine.B. Conglomerates consist of a single grain size. C. An immature clastic rock has well-sorted, resistant grains. D. Pieces of broken rock produced by physical weathering are collectively called clasts or detritus., A nonmarine, clastic sedimentary rock composed of angular, pebble-sized fragments surrounded by matrix is called Choose one: A. arkose.(1987) or Dott (1964). The term “shale” describes a sedimentary rock type which is a mixture of clay-size particles (mainly clay minerals), silt-size particles ...A Basic Sedimentary Rock Classification. A good classification is based on some theory that explains how the rocks form, and are related to each other. We want to group together rocks that form by similar processes. The most general theoretical model we have for sedimentary rocks is the simple ideal model. The basic classification is based on ...Common examples of clastic sedimentary rock include sandstone, siltstone, shale, mudstone, conglomerates, and breccias. They are all defined by the size, sorting, and roundness of the clasts that ...(1987) or Dott (1964). The term “shale” describes a sedimentary rock type which is a mixture of clay-size particles (mainly clay minerals), silt-size particles ...Which sedimentary rock is made of clay minerals? Shale is composed almost entirely of clay minerals. Which sedimentary rock is made of calcite? Limestone is predominantly calcite. Which sedimentary rock contains the largest clasts? Conglomerate is made of pebbles or larger clasts and is the most coarse-grained clastic sedimentary rock (along ...1. Clastic Sedimentary Rocks. Clastic sedimentary rocks are formed from the buildup of clatics: small pieces of fragmented rocks deposited as a result of mechanical weathering then lithified by compaction and cementation. Examples of Clastic sedimentary rocks include sandstone, shale, siltstone, and breccias. 2.3. Explain what happens if the parent rock, a shale (clastic sedimentary rock), is subjected to increasing metamorphism. What happens to the texture, what happens to mineral (or crystal) size, and what 4 metamorphic rocks could be created? 4. Explain what happens when the parent rock sandstone is subjected to increasing metamorphism.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A clastic sedimentary rock composed of angular pebble-sized fragments surrounded by matrix is A) breccia B) conglomerate C) Shale D) Arkose, A clastic sedimentary rock with clay and silt sized grains that breaks in thin sheets is called Mudstone Shale Siltstone Wacke, A …Type Sedimentary Rock Origin Detrital/Clastic Texture Clastic; Very fine-grained (< 0.004 mm) Composition Clay minerals, Quartz Color Brown Miscellaneous Blocky Depositional Environment Flood Plain, Lake (away from shore), Mid-continental Shelf, Delta, Tidal Flat, Lagoon, or Deep Marine Type Sedimentary Rock Origin Detrital/Clastic Texture … ….

1. Clastic Sedimentary Rocks. Clastic sedimentary rocks are formed from the buildup of clatics: small pieces of fragmented rocks deposited as a result of mechanical weathering then lithified by compaction and cementation. Examples of Clastic sedimentary rocks include sandstone, shale, siltstone, and breccias. 2.Shale is a fine-grained, clastic sedimentary rock formed from mud that is a mix of flakes of clay minerals and tiny fragments (silt-sized particles) of ...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which of the following processes forms biochemical sedimentary rock?, Which of the following classes of sedimentary rock is produced by weathering and erosion of pre-existing rocks?, Rank the following steps describing how a clastic sedimentary rock forms from its pre …Why do clastic sedimentary rocks generally form underwater? ... After compaction and cementation the sedimentary sequence has changed into a sedimentary rock. Sedimentary rocks like sandstone, shale and limestone differ from other rocks in that they: 1. Are formed from layers of sediment built up over many years.the visible pieces of sediment it contains. the ocean animals deposited in its layers. the crystals of dissolved minerals it contains. NOT B. Which processes contribute to the formation of chemical sedimentary rocks? Organisms decay in a solution. Minerals dissolve and crystalize. Rock fragments squeeze together.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Sediment _____ is a the primary characteristic used to classify clastic sedimentary rocks., The advance of the sea across a region is known as a _____., Sandstone, conglomerate, and shale are types of common clastic _____ rocks. and more.... sedimentary rock. Common Sedimentary Rocks. Common sedimentary rocks include sandstone, limestone, and shale. These rocks often start as sediments carried in ...The latter are called detrital, or clastic, sedimentary rocks and are formed when mineral fragments settle out of water or air into layers. As more and more particles, or sediments, are deposited, the weight over time compresses the fragments together, solidifying them into rocks. ... shale and siltstone make up over half of all sedimentary …Jan 8, 2015 · Uses of Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary rocks are used as building stones, although they are not as hard as igneous or metamorphic rocks. Sedimentary rocks are used in construction. Sand and gravel are used to make concrete; they are also used in asphalt. Many economically valuable resources come from sedimentary rocks. Is shale a clastic sedimentary rock, Sedimentary rocks on the earth’s crust • Among different sedimentary rocks, shale is the most abundant; sandstone and limestone are of next order. • The three represents approximately 4 %, 0.75 % and 0.25 % of the earth’s crust. ... As already stated, these rocks are the clastic sedimentary rocks and represent those which have been ..., Shale is the most common sedimentary rock, accounting for about 70 percent of the rock in the Earth's crust. Shale is a fine-grained …, Clastic sedimentary rocks are grouped by the size of the sediment they contain. Conglomerate and breccia are made of individual stones that have been cemented together. ... Siltstone is made of …, Shale is a fine-grained, clastic sedimentary rock formed from mud that is a mix of flakes of clay minerals and tiny fragments (silt-sized particles) of other minerals, especially quartz and calcite. … Shale is the most common sedimentary rock. Is shale an example of sedimentary rock? Common sedimentary rocks include sandstone, …, Common sedimentary rocks include sandstone, limestone, and shale. These rocks often start as sediments carried in rivers and deposited in lakes and oceans. When buried, the sediments lose water and become cemented to form rock. Tuffaceous sandstones contain volcanic ash. Clastic Sedimentary Rocks:, Common sedimentary rocks include sandstone, limestone, and shale. These rocks often start as sediments carried in rivers and deposited in lakes and oceans. When buried, the sediments lose water and become cemented to form rock. Tuffaceous sandstones contain volcanic ash. Clastic Sedimentary Rocks:, It is a fine-grained clastic sedimentary rock made of compacted mud consisting of clay and tiny particles of quartz, calcite, mica, pyrite, other minerals, and organic compounds. Shale occurs worldwide wherever water exists or once flowed. Key Takeaways: Shale, Classification based on origin Uluru (Ayers Rock) is a large sandstone formation in Northern Territory, Australia.. Sedimentary rocks can be subdivided into four groups based on the processes responsible for their formation: clastic sedimentary rocks, biochemical (biogenic) sedimentary rocks, chemical sedimentary rocks, and a fourth category for …, Jan 8, 2015 · Uses of Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary rocks are used as building stones, although they are not as hard as igneous or metamorphic rocks. Sedimentary rocks are used in construction. Sand and gravel are used to make concrete; they are also used in asphalt. Many economically valuable resources come from sedimentary rocks. , These particles are cemented together and hardened to form the sedimentary rocks called conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, shale or claystone, and mudstone. Chemicals that …, 28 Kas 2022 ... Shale is an abundant, fine-grained, clastic sedimentary rock. The rock forms when silt and clay-sized mineral particles compress., After erosion, the rock fragments were transported to an area, typically bowl-shaped, where they were compressed together. We can identify a variety of different clastic sedimentary rocks, including Breccia, Conglomerate, Sandstone, Siltstone, and Shale. The smallest sedimentary rocks are microscopic, while the largest we've discovered are ..., Sedimentary rock - Classification, Deposits, Types: In general, geologists have attempted to classify sedimentary rocks on a natural basis, but some schemes have genetic implications (i.e.,knowledge of origin of a particular rock type is assumed), and many classifications reflect the philosophy, training, and experience of those who propound them. No scheme has found universal acceptance, and ... , A single layer of sediment or sedimentary rock with a recognizable top and bottom. cementation. Compacted sediment bound together to make coherent sedimentary rock.; usually occurs with the evaporation of fluid from between the sediment and the minerals left behind act as a cement. chemical sedimentary rock., In using the sedimentary rock classification table that accompanies this section, you will see that the clastic sedimentary rocks are classified on the basis of grain size. Sandstones are rocks made of sand-size grains. Shale is layered sedimentary rock made of fine mud-size grains too small to see with the naked eye. Chemical Textures, 1. Clastic Sedimentary Rocks. Clastic sedimentary rocks are formed from the buildup of clatics: small pieces of fragmented rocks deposited as a result of …, Shale is a type of clastic sedimentary rock that contains mud, flakes of clay minerals and a trace amount of other minerals. More precisely, shale is a thin layer of mudstone. Mudstones have several parallel layers of material. Shale primarily contains mud and clay. But there can be trace amounts of quartz, and calcite., 5.3 Clastic Sedimentary Rocks. A is a fragment of rock or mineral, ranging in size from less than a micron [1] (too small to see) to as big as an apartment block. Various types of clasts are shown in Figure 5.2.1 and in Practice Exercise 5.2. The smaller ones tend to be composed of a single mineral crystal, and the larger ones are typically ... , Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which of the following words could not be used to describe portions of a rock with a porphyritic texture? Select one: a. groundmass b. phenocryst c. plagioclase d. pyroclastic, A clastic sedimentary rock with clay and silt-sized grains that breaks in thin sheets is called: Select one: a. …, Sedimentary rocks form whenever these sediments are deposited and lithified and can be classified based on the size of their grains. Gravel forms coarse rocks with grains over 2 mm in size. If the fragments are rounded, they form conglomerate, and if they are angular, they form breccia. Sand, as you may guess, forms sandstone., Sedimentary rock - Limestones, Dolomites, Carbonates: Limestones and dolostones (dolomites) make up the bulk of the nonterrigenous sedimentary rocks. Limestones are for the most part primary carbonate rocks. They consist of 50 percent or more calcite and aragonite (both CaCO3). Dolomites are mainly produced by the secondary alteration or …, 1. Coal is a _____ sedimentary rock that was originally formed in a _____ depositional environment. a.clastic, marine b.chemical, terrestrial c.biogenic, marine d.biogenic, terrestrial 2._____ is a biogenic sedimentary rock formed from the accumulation of silica-walled marine algae called diatoms. a.Gypsum b.Chert c.Coal d.Limestone 3.Shale has a, Rocks that are often misidentified as shale: Slate – A low-grade metamorphic rock often formed from shale.Is often hard, and rings when struck. Siltstone – A clastic sedimentary rock similar to shale but with slightly larger, visible grains. Mudstone – Very similar to shale, but with no visible laminations (massive). It is common to do an acid test on rocks to …, Detrital or clastic sedimentary rocks consist of preexisting sediment pieces that comes from weathered bedrock. Most of this is mechanically weathered sediment, although some clasts may be pieces of chemical rocks. ... Fine-grained rocks include mudstone, shale, siltstone, and claystone. Mudstone is a general term for rocks made of sediment ..., Clastic Sedimentary Rocks. Clastic sedimentary rocks are formed from the buildup of clatics: small pieces of fragmented rocks deposited as a result of mechanical weathering then lithified by compaction and cementation. Examples of Clastic sedimentary rocks include sandstone, shale, siltstone, and breccias. , A Basic Sedimentary Rock Classification. A good classification is based on some theory that explains how the rocks form, and are related to each other. We want to group together rocks that form by similar processes. The most general theoretical model we have for sedimentary rocks is the simple ideal model. The basic classification is based on ..., The most common type of sedimentary rock is shale, which is a clastic sedimentary mudrock. It is the most common of the mudrocks and mudrocks make up about 65% of all sedimentary rocks. Sandstones will make up about 20% to 25% of all sedimentary rocks and carbonate rocks will be at about 10% to 15% of all sedimentary rocks., Shale clastic sedimentary rocks. Shale is a fine-grained, clastic sedimentary rock composed of mud that is a mix of flakes of clay minerals and tiny fragments (silt-sized particles) of other minerals, especially quartz and calcite. The ratio of clay to other minerals is variable. Shale is characterized by breaks along thin laminae or …, Breccia forms where broken, angular fragments of rock or mineral debris accumulate. One of the most common locations for breccia formation is at the base of an outcrop where mechanical weathering debris accumulates. Another is in stream deposits a short distance from the outcrop or on an alluvial fan. Some breccias form from debris flow deposits., Sandstone is a clastic sedimentary rock comprised of sand-sized particles about .1 to .2 mm in size. It is usually tan, brown, or reddish in color, and often (but not always) displays noticeable layers. The sand grains are most often made of quartz, cemented together by calcite or silica. , A clastic sedimentary rock. Shale is well-sorted with silt, mud, or clay-sized clasts that are tightly packed into a solid matrix. It is most easily identified by its tendency to split into thin planes, which is a property called fissility. Shale derives from very low energy environments, in which fine-grained sediment can slowly settle from ..., Mudstone is a fine-grained sedimentary rock that lacks a well-developed bedding plane. Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock with a well-developed bedding plane. Siltstone is similar to mudstones but consists predominantly of silt-sized particles; Sparite is a coarsely-crystalline calcite., 10 Tem 2018 ... Shale is a fine-grained, clastic sedimentary rock composed of mud that is a mix of flakes of clay minerals and tiny fragments. stock photo ...